SA Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease: Vol 11, Issue 4, November 2014

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SAJDVD: VOLUME 19, ISSUE 2, November 2022

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From the Editor’s Desk
Authors: Mahomed, FA
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Impact of diabetes mellitus on the frequency of postoperative complications after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: GL Igrutinović, DD Nenezić, AR Jakovljević, ZN Elek, NM Miljković, MN Kasalović, DR Vićentijević
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Background: There is significant controversy surrounding the link between diabetes mellitus and post-operative complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of this study was to identify the possible effects of diabetes on the frequency of post-operative complications after CEA.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Dedinje Clinic for Vascular Surgery, Belgrade. The patients who underwent CEA were divided into two groups: group A (37.7%) included 98 (35.1%) insulin-dependent and 181 (64.9%) insulin-independent diabetic patients, and group B (62.3%) comprised non-diabetic subjects.
Results: The pre-operative characteristics were similar, except for a greater prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with diabetes. Post-operative cardiac events occurred more often in patients with diabetes (3.6%) than in non-diabetic patients (1.1%) (p = 0.039); post-operative neurological events among patients with diabetes were 3.6% and among non-diabetics, 0.9% (p = 0.009). Peri-operative mortality rate was 2.5% in the diabetic group and 0.9% in the nondiabetic group. The total percentage of post-operative complications was two or more times higher in the diabetic group than the non-diabetic group (8.5 vs 18.3%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus increased the surgical risk of CEA. Higher rates of mortality and post-operative complications were observed in patients being treated with oral antidiabetics than in those on insulin.
The use of fenugreek in ameliorating hyperglycaemia and diabetes
Author: Chandralekha Mohan
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most debilitating noncommunicable diseases of the century. It has an increasing prevalence worldwide. It is predicted that by 2040, more than half a billion people globally will suffer from diabetes. One of the main ways to prevent diabetes is to eat healthily. It is well known that patients with chronic diseases add supplements to their treatment regimens. During the last four decades, cellular and animal studies have reported convincing evidence to show that fenugreek has hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering properties in prediabetics, and in insulin-dependent and non-insulindependent diabetics. Fenugreek has a protective effect against diabetic complications through immunomodulation, stimulation of insulin secretion and antioxidant properties, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, and by preventing pancreatic and renal damage. There are four bio-active components that are present in fenugreek, which are beneficial in ameliorating the effects of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. They are an amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, diosgenin, saponins, and the fibre in fenugreek. This article reviews the scientific evidence relative to the use of fenugreek in ameliorating hyperglycaemia and diabetes.
Diabetes and heart disease
Author: Dr Gita Makan
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Introduction: While COVID-19 dominated headlines in 2021 another more insidious plague continued unabated. At that time, there were 24 million adults between the ages of 20 and 79 years in Africa living with diabetes. Worryingly that figure continues to rise. By 2030, an estimated 33 million people on the continent will be affected by this disease. In many ways, diabetes can be considered to be the dark horse of non-infectious diseases. It is not as widely discussed as HIV, cancer or malaria in the African context, however in 2021 it was responsible for 416 000 African deaths.
LEARNING TO LIVE WITH DIABETES: Diabetes is not just about sugar, every organ is affected
Author: Joy Steenkamp
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Introduction: At just three years old, Liezl was diagnosed as diabetic. ‘My mom noticed I was losing weight and drinking lots of water, and I wanted to eat a lot of tomato sauce because I was craving the sweetness. She also says my breath smelled sweet. Now we recognise these as symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes, and diabetic acidosis, a shortage of insulin in the body that prevents blood sugar from getting to the cells to be used as energy,’ says Liezl, now 34 years old.
Dairy products may protect against type 2 diabetes: Italian meta-analysis
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Introduction: A meta-analysis, presented at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conference, links low-fat dairy products to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), while finding that red and processed meats increased the risk.
World Diabetes Day ‘Education to protect tomorrow’
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Introduction: South Africa is one of the 48 countries of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) African region (AFR). According to the IDF, there are 24 million people living with diabetes within the AFR. This rate is expected to increase to 55 million by 2045. The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes is the highest in the AFR at 53.6%.
Low-fat, plant-based diet to low-carb, animal-based diet compared – NIH
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, Vol 19, Issue 2, November 2022
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Introduction: People on a low-fat, plant-based diet ate fewer daily calories but had higher insulin and blood glucose levels, compared to when they ate a low-carbohydrate, animal-based diet, according to a small but highly controlled study at the US National Institutes of Health.

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