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VOLUME 11 NUMBER 3 • SEPTEMBER 2014
PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET
SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE
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R
esearchers at Yale School of Medicine have pinpointed a
mechanism in part of the brain that is key to sensing glucose
levels in the blood, linking it to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The findings were published in the July 28 issue of
Proceedings of
the National Academies of Sciences
.
’We’ve discovered that the prolyl endopeptidase enzyme, located
in a part of the hypothalamus known as the ventromedial nucleus,
sets a series of steps in motion that control glucose levels in the
blood’, said lead author Sabrina Diano, professor in the Departments
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Comparative
Medicine, and Neurobiology at Yale School of Medicine. ‘Our
findings could eventually lead to new treatments for diabetes.’
The ventromedial nucleus contains cells that are glucose
sensors. To understand the role of prolyl endopeptidase in this
part of the brain, the team used mice that were genetically
engineered with low levels of this enzyme. They found that in the
absence of this enzyme, mice had high levels of glucose in the
blood and became diabetic.
Glucose ‘control switch’ in the brain key to both types of diabetes
Diano and her team discovered that this enzyme is important
because it makes the neurons in this part of the brain sensitive
to glucose. The neurons sense the increase in glucose levels
and then tell the pancreas to release insulin, thus preventing
diabetes.
‘Because of the low levels of endopeptidase, the neurons
were no longer sensitive to increased glucose levels and could
not control the release of insulin from the pancreas, and the mice
developed diabetes’, said Diano, who is also a member of the
Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of
Metabolism.
Diano said the next step in this research is to identify the
targets of this enzyme by understanding how the enzyme makes
the neurons sense changes in glucose levels. ‘If we succeed in
doing this, we could be able to regulate the secretion of insulin,
and be able to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes’, she said.
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