VOLUME 19 NUMBER 2 • November 2022 31 SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE REVIEW safety,34,35 fenugreek shows much promise as a cost-effective herbal drug and adjuvant to manage diabetes. However more robust, long-term studies with better methodology and study design are required. References 1. Altunas E, Ozgoz, Taser OF. Some physical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L) seeds. J Food Eng 2005; 71: 37–43. 2. Betty R. Spice India. The Many Healing Virtues of Fenugreek. 2008: 17–19. 3. Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review on ethnobotanical and therapeutic uses of fenugreek. J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2016; 21(1): 53–62 4. Ahmad A, Alghamdi SS, Mahmood K, Afzal M. Fenugreek, a multipurpose crop: Potentialities and improvements. Saudi J Bio Sci 2016; 23(2): 300–310. 5. Nagulapalli VKC, SwaroopA, Bagchi D, Bishayee A. A small plant with big benefits. 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A multicenter clinical study to determine the efficacy of a novel fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum) extract (Fenfuro) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60: 32382. 31. Geberemeskel GA, Debebe YG, Nguse NA. Antidiabetic effect of fenugreek seed powder solution (Trigonella foecum – greacum L) on hyperlipidaemia in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Res 2019: 8507453. 32. Hadi A, Arab A, Hajianfar H, et al. The effect of fenugreek seed supplementation on serum insulin levels, blood pressure, liver and kidney function in patients with diabetes mellitus. A parallel randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49: 102315. 33. Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, et al. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 194: 260–268. 34. Flammang AM, Cifone MA, Erexson GL, Stankowski LF. Genotoxity testing of a fenugreek extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 11: 1769–1775. 35. Kandhare AD, Thakurdesai PA, Wangikar P, Bodhankar SL. A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Heliyon 2019; 5(4): 1536. IVOLAN 5 mg. Each tablet contains Ivabradine oxalate equivalent to 5 mg Ivabradine base. S3 51/7.1.4/0921. For full prescribing information, refer to the professional information approved by SAHPRA, March 2021. IVNB836/05/2022. IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE www.pharmadynamics.co.za CUSTOMER CARE LINE +27 21 707 7000
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