RESEARCH ARTICLE SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE 12 VOLUME 21 NUMBER 1 • November 2024 the initially documented dissection of the right superficial femoral artery had healed a month later. At baseline, a median atheroma grade of 1.50 (0.25–3) regarding vascular wall abnormalities was documented through ultrasonography. Compared to baseline values, there was an insignificant difference the day after the CAG was conducted [2.00 (1.00–2.75)] and 30 days later [2 (0.25–3.00), p = 0.62], regarding the severity grade of atheromatous vascular wall changes. On day 30 after CAG, one patient demonstrated the development of a small atheromatic plaque at the site of VCD deployment; 3.4% of the patients had localised arterial wall oedema and 21% had localised perivascular oedema on the day after catheterisation. Persisting perivascular soft tissue changes 30 days after VCD deployment were present in 3.4% of the participants, while 2.2% of them continued to have arterial vessel wall thickening. The deployed polyester suture was visualised in 78% of patients on the day following CAG and in 12% of patients a month after CAG. There was no difference between the measured diameter of the right common femoral artery in transverse view (88.85 ± 13.79 vs 86.65 ± 14.53 vs 87.42 ± 12.15 mm, p = 0.51) or in longitudinal view (80.83 ± 14.38 vs 78.19 ± 14.36 vs 78.73 ± 13.61 mm, p = 0.27) at baseline, 24 hours after puncture and after 30 days, respectively. The PSV in the RCFA estimated at baseline, on the day following CAG and after 30 days did not change significantly (90.03 ± 29.84 vs 88.82 ± 29.04 vs 86.78 ± 24.89 cm/s respectively, p = 0.71). The ratio of the PSV of the RCFA to the PSV of the REILA remained unchanged compared to baseline on the day following the catheterisation and a month later (0.73 ± 0.19 vs 0.74 ± 0.19 vs 0.73 ± 0.19 respectively, p = 0.82). RI of the RCFA was not altered through the three time points of investigation (1.02 ± 0.11 before CAG vs 0.99 ± 0.10 on the following day vs 0.99 ± 0.11 30 days later, p = 0.20) (Fig. 1). Further analysis showed consistent findings among subgroups of the study. Furthermore, no significant differences were found regarding the end-diastolic diameter of the RCFA in transverse or in longitudinal view, the PSV of the RCFA, the PSV ratio, the RI of the RCFA and the sonographically estimated degree of severity of the atheromatous vascular wall abnormalities at baseline, on day 1 and on day 30 after CAG in patients with type 2 diabetes on Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics Parameters Values Male gender, n (%) 67 (72) Arterial hypertension, n (%) 53 (57) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 28 (30.1) Smoking history, n (%) 48 (51.6 Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) 57 (61.3) Evidence of PAD, n (%) 66 (70) Antiplatelet treatment, n (%) 55 (59.1) Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) 66 (71) Anticoagulation treatment, n (%) 16 (17.2) End-diastolic diameter of the right common femoral artery, mean ± SD In transverse view (mm) 88.85 ± 13.79 In longitudinal view (mm) 80.83 ± 14.38 PSV of RCFA (cm/s), mean ± SD 90.03 ± 29.84 PSV ratio, mean ± SD* 0.73 ± 0.19 Resistive index in RCFA, mean ± SD 1.02 ± 0.11 PAD: peripheral artery disease; PSV: peak systolic velocity; RCFA: right common femoral artery; REILA: right external iliac artery. *PSV of the RCFA to PSV of the REILA. A B C D E Fig. 1. Bar plots of (A) the PSV of the RCFA, (B) the PSV ratio of the RCFA/ REILA, (C) the RI of the RCFA, (D) the end-diastolic diameter of the RCFA in the longitudinal view, and (E) the end-diastolic diameter of the RCFA in the transverse view at baseline before percutaneous CAG, the day following CAG and 30 days thereafter. PSV: peak systolic velocity, RCFA: right common femoral artery, REILA: right external iliac artery, CAG: percutaneous coronary angiography.
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