The SA Journal Diabetes & Vascular Disease Volume 16 No 2 (November 2019)

29 / 40

SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH ARTICLE
VOLUME 16 NUMBER 2 • NOVEMBER 2019 71
24. Yary T, Voutilainen S, Tuomainen TP, Ruusunen A, Nurmi T, Virtanen J. Omega‐6
polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum zinc, delta‐5‐and delta‐6‐desaturase activities
and incident metabolic syndrome. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30(4): 506–514.
25. Fekete KGE, Lohner S, Verduci E, Agostoni C, Decsi T. Long-chain polyunsaturated
fatty acid status in obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev
2015; 16(6): 488–497.
26. Michels KB, Schulze MB. Can dietary patterns help us detect diet disease
associations? Nutr Res Rev 2005; 18(02): 241–248.
27. Kant AK. Dietary patterns and health outcomes. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104(4):
615–635.
28. Newby P, Tucker KL. Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster
analysis: a review. Nutr Rev 2004; 62(5): 177–203.
29. Dahm CCG-RA, Jakobsen MU, Schmidt EB, Tjonneland A, Sorensen TI, Overvad
K. Adipose tissue fatty acid patterns and changes in anthropometry: a cohort
study. PLoS One 2011; 6(7): e22587–e22594.
30. Warensjo E, Sundstrom J, Lind L, Vessby B. Factor analysis of fatty acids in serum
lipids as a measure of dietary fat quality in relation to the metabolic syndrome in
men. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84(2): 442–448.
31. Teo K, Chow CK, Vaz M, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Group PI-W. The Prospective
Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal
influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-
income countries. Am Heart J 2009; 158(1): 1–7.
32. Kruger H, Venter C, Steyn H. A standardised physical activity questionnaire for
a population in transition: the THUSA study. Afr J Phys Health Educ Rec Dance
2000; 6: 54–64.
33. MacIntyre U, Venter C, Vorster H. A culture-sensitive quantitative food frequency
questionnaire used in an African population: 1. Development and reproducibility.
Public Health Nutr 2001; 4(01): 53–62.
34. MacIntyre U, Venter C, Vorster H. A culture-sensitive quantitative food frequency
questionnaire used in an African population: 2. Relative validation by 7-day
weighed records and biomarkers. Public Health Nutr 2001; 4(01): 63–71.
35. Venter C, MacIntyre U, Vorster H. The development and testing of a food portion
photograph book for use in an African population. J Hum Nutr Diet 2000; 13(3):
205–218.
36. Wolmarans P, Danster N, Dalton A, Rossouw K, Schönfeldt H. Condensed food
composition tables for South Africa. Medical Research Council, Cape Town,
South Africa, 2010.
37. Marfell-Jones MJ, Stewart A, de Ridder J. International standards for
anthropometric assessment. Australia: National Library of Australia, 2012.
38. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative
ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18(6): 499–502.
39. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley G. A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1957; 226(1): 497–509.
40. Baumgartner J, Smuts CM, Malan L, Kvalsvig J, van Stuijvenberg ME, Hurrell RF, et
al. Effects of iron and n-3 fatty acid supplementation, alone and in combination,
on cognition in school children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
intervention in South Africa. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96(6): 1327–1338.
41. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et
al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the
International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention;
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World
Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International
Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009; 120(16): 1640–1645.
42. Pautz N, Olivier B, Steyn F. The use of parametric effect sizes in single study
musculoskeletal physiotherapy research: A practical primer. Phys Ther Sport 2018;
32: 87–97.
43. Richter M, Baumgartner J, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Smuts CM. Different dietary fatty
acids are associated with blood lipids in healthy South African men and women:
the PURE study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172(2): 368–374.
44. SAS II, inventor. The SAS System for Windows Release 9.4 TS Level 1M3
Copyright© by SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA 2016.
45. Salehi-Abargouei A, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L, Keshteli AH, Feizi A, Feinle-
Bisset C, et al. Nutrient patterns and their relation to general and abdominal
obesity in Iranian adults: findings from the SEPAHAN study. Eur J Nutr 2016;
55(2): 505–518.
46. Raatz SK, Conrad Z, Johnson LK, Picklo MJ, Jahns L. Relationship of the reported
intakes of fat and fatty acids to body weight in US adults. Nutrients 2017; 9(5):
438–450.
47. Xia Y, Gu Y, Yu F, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, et al. Association between dietary
patterns and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a propensity score-matched
case-control study. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 34748.
48. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Fats and fatty
acids in human nutrition: report of an expert consultation. Rome, IT: FAO, 2010.
49. Markussen MS, Veierød MB, Ursin G, Andersen LF. The effect of under-reporting
of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary
patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50-69 years. Br J Nutr
2016; 116(3): 547–558.
50. Vorster HH, Kruger A, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Kruger HS, Margetts BM. Added sugar
intake in South Africa: findings from the Adult Prospective Urban and Rural
Epidemiology cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99(6): 1479–1486.
51. Covas M-I, Konstantinidou V, Fitó M. Olive oil and cardiovascular health. J
Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 54(6): 477–482.
52. Huang CWC, Chen YJ, Ajuwon KM, Mersmann HM, Ding ST. Role of n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids in ameliorating the obesity-induced metabolic
syndrome in animal models and humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(10): 1689–1717.
53. Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr
1999; 70(3): 560s–569s.
54. Albracht-Schulte K, Kalupahana NS, Ramalingam L, Wang S, Rahman SM,
Robert-McComb J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome:
a mechanistic update. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58: 1–16.
55. Tvrzicka E, Kremmyda L-S, Stankova B, Zak A. Fatty acids as biocompounds: their
role in human metabolism, health and disease: a review. Part 1: classification,
dietary sources and biological functions. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky
Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155(2): 117–130.
56. Ando Y, Sasaki T. GC separation of cis-eicosenoic acid positional isomers on an
ionic liquid SLB-IL100 stationary phase. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2011; 88(6): 743–
748.
57. Alsharari ZD, Riserus U, Leander K, Sjogren P, Carlsson AC, Vikstrom M, et al.
Serum fatty acids, desaturase activities and abdominal obesity: a population-
based study of 60-year old men and women. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0170684–
e0170698.
58. Holman RT. The slow discovery of the importance of n-3 essential fatty acids in
human health. J Nutr Health Aging 1998; 128( 2): 427S–4233S.
59. Pan A, Chen M, Chowdhury R, Wu JH, Sun Q, Campos H, et al . α-Linolenic acid
and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J
Clin Nutr 2012; 96(6): 1262–1273.
60. Fleming JA, Kris-Etherton PM. The evidence for alpha-linolenic acid and
cardiovascular disease benefits: Comparisons with eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid. Adv Nutr 2014; 5(6): 863S–8676S.
61. Ollis TE, Meyer BJ, Howe PR. Australian food sources and intakes of omega–6 and
omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ann Nutr Metab 1999; 43(6): 346–355.
SUSTAINED
RELEASE
METABOLICALLY
NEUTRAL 1
DYNA INDAPAMIDE SR. Each tablet contains 1,5 mg indapamide. S3 A42/7.1/0790. NAM NS2 12/7.1/0138.
For full prescribing information, refer to the professional information approved by SAHPRA, 25 November
2011. 1) Weidmann P. Metabolic profile of indapamide sustained-release in patients with hypertension. Drug
Safety 2001;24(15):1155-1165.DINF624/10/2019.
only generic 1,5 mg
sustained release
formulation
CUSTOMER CARE LINE 0860 PHARMA (742 762) / +27 21 707 7000