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RESEARCH ARTICLE

SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE

32

VOLUME 16 NUMBER 1 • JULY 2019

Table 4 presents linear regression coefficients for the association

between anthropometric parameters and BP. The results exhibited

a significant positive (

p

< 0.000) relationship between WC and SBP

(beta = 0.273; 95% CI: 0.053–0.230), even after being adjusted

for age and gender (beta = 2.091; 95% CI: 1.129–3.871). There

was a significant positive (

p

< 0.002) association between WC and

DBP (beta = 0.141; 95% CI: 0.053–0.230) when the data were

unadjusted for age and gender. Triceps skinfold (

p

< 0.004) was

significantly associated with DBP (beta = 0.377; 95% CI: 0.633–

0.122), even after the data were adjusted for age and gender (

p

<

0.002) (beta = 0.412; 95% CI: 0.669–0.155).

Table 5 presents logistic regression analyses to determine the

risk of developing hypertension among young Ellisras adults. High

SBP was associated with abdominal obesity (WC) after adjusting

for age and gender (OR = 2.091, 95% CI: 1.129–3.871). There was

a significant association between high SBP and overweight (OR =

1.634, 95% CI: 1.012–2.801).

Discussion

The purpose of the study was to determine the association between

anthropometric parameters and BP among young Ellisras adults

aged 22 to 30 years. In this study, WC was significantly associated

with both SBP and DBP. This confirms the results of previous studies

in which a significant positive association between WC and both

SBP and DBP was reported among adults aged 23 to 40 years.

24,25

Although studies have been conducted in different parts of the

world, subjects of similar ages were targeted, therefore resulting

in similar findings. Furthermore, a study carried out in adolescents

aged 13 to 19 years found similar results.

9

However, Ashwell

et al

.

22

found that WHR was positively associated with SBP among adults.

The study focused on individuals aged 60 years and older, therefore

making the age difference a plausible explanation for the disparity

in published research findings.

Our study also found that there was no significant association

between both SBP and DBP and WHR. Contrary to this, Barbosa

et

al

.

26

found WHR to be significantly associated with both SBP and

DBP. Regarding skinfold thickness, the present study found that

both SBP and DBP were significantly correlated with triceps, biceps

and subscapular skinfolds among young Ellisras adults. Similarly,

Birmingham

et al

.

27

reported a significant positive correlation

between subscapular, triceps and biceps skinfolds and both SBP

and DBP in individuals aged 18 to 40 years. Furthermore, the

results agree with those of Dua

et al

.

28

and Timpson

et al

.,

29

which

indicated a significant positive association between triceps, biceps

and subscapular skinfolds and BP in adults.

In our study, men (1.9%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension

compared to women (1.3%). Tesfaye

et al

.

30

also found the

prevalence of hypertension to be higher in men (21.0%) than in

women (16.4%). It has been reported that gender differences

in the association between anthropometric variables and blood

Table 4.

Liner regression analysis for the association of WC, WHR and

skinfold thickness with blood pressure

Unadjusted

Adjusted

(for age and gender)

(for age and gender)

Variable

β

p

-value

95% CI

β

p

-value 95% CI

Systolic blood pressure

Triceps

0.229 0.171 0.556–0.099 0.397 0.013 0.709–0.085

0.527–1.182

0.010–0.647

1.420–0.697

0.603–0.160

0.465–0.088

0.163–0.378

0.143–0.064

0.025–0.059

16.654–8.327

9.419–14.301

0.160–0.386

0.127–0.343

Subscapular 0.854 0.000

0.318

0.057

Biceps

1.058 0.000

0.222

0.254

Supraspinale 0.188 0.181

0.108

0.435

Sum of 4

skinfolds 0.103 0.000

0.017

0.433

WHR

4.163 0.513

2.441

0.686

WC

0.273 0.000

0.253

0.000

Diastolic blood pressure

Triceps

0.377 0.004 0.633–0.122 0.412 0.002 0.669–0.155

0.013–0.525

0.137–0.404

0.392–0.172

0.216–0.412

0.225–0.207

0.165–0.218

0.053–0.006

0.037–0.031

7.766–11.726

6.243–13.286

0.053–0.230

0.036–0.213

Subscapular 0.269 0.039

0.133

0.333

Biceps

110 0.443

0.098

0.541

Supraspinale 0.009 0.935

0.058

0.608

Sum of 4

skinfolds 0.024 0.118

0.003

0.856

WHR

1.980 0.690

3.522

0.479

WC

0.141 0.002

0.124

0.124

Dependent variables: DBP and SBP.

WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.

Table 5.

Logistic regression analysis of association of anthropometric

variables with hypertension among young Ellisras adults

Unadjusted

Adjusted

(for age and gender)

(for age and gender)

Variable

p

-value OR

95% CI

p

-value OR

95% CI

High systolic blood pressure

Abdominal

0.952 0.983 0.566–1.707 0.019 2.091 1.129–3.871

obesity

(WC)

1.012–2.801

0.415–1.051

Overweight 0.045 1.634

0.460

1.229 0.712–2.122

Abdominal 0.080 0.660

0.830

1.061

0.621–1.812

(WHR)

High diastolic blood pressure

Abdominal 0.989 1.005 0.491–2.059 0.273 1.543 0.711–3.343

obesity

(WC)

0.741–2.590

0.592–2.009

Overweight 0.308 1.385

0.676

1.147

0.604–2.177

Abdominal 0.782 1.090

0.308

1.396

0.735–2.653

obesity

(WHR)

Hypertension

Abdominal 0.041 2.775 0.891–8.585 6.186 0.049 1.0073–7.993

obesity

(WC)

0.221–4.614

0.514–4.896

Overweight 0.987 1.012

0.532

0.548

0.068–4.175

Abdominal 0.416 1.596

1.906

0.314

0.543–6.699

obesity

(WHR)

Dependent variables: DBP, SBP, hypertension.

WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.