The SA Journal Diabetes & Vascular Disease Vol 7 No 4 (November 2010) - page 18

REVIEW
SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE
148
VOLUME 7 NUMBER 4 • NOVEMBER 2010
References
1.
Gauthier S, Reisberg B, Zaudig M,
et al
. Mild cognitive impairment.
Lancet
2006;
367
: 1262–70.
2.
Panza F, D’Introno A, Colacicco AM,
et al
. Current epidemiology of mild cognitive
impairment and other predementia syndromes.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
2005;
13
: 633–44.
3.
Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG, Kaduszkiewicz H,
et al
. Mild cognitive impairment in
general practice: age-specific prevalence and correlate results from the german
study on ageing, cognition and dementia in primary care patients (AgeCoDe).
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord
2007;
24
: 307–16.
4.
Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M. Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to
dementia – meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies.
Acta Psychiatr
Scand
2009;
119
: 252–65.
5.
Forstl H, Bickel H, Frolich L,
et al
. [MCI-plus: mild cognitive impairment with rapid
progression. Part I: prevention and therapy].
Dtsch Med Wochenschr
2009;
134
:
39–44.
6.
Etgen T, Bronner M, Sander D,
et al
. Somatic factors in cognitive impairment.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr
2009;
77
: 72–82.
7.
Erkinjuntti T, Gauthier S. The concept of vascular cognitive impairment.
Front
Neurol Neurosci
2009;
24
: 79–85.
8.
Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications.
Nature
2001;
414
: 813–20.
9.
Farris W, Mansourian S, Chang Y,
et al
. Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the
levels of insulin, amyloid beta-protein, and the beta-amyloid precursor protein
intracellular domain in vivo.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2003;
100
: 4162–7.
10. Biessels GJ, Kappelle LJ. Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in Type II diabetes:
insulin resistance of the brain or insulin-induced amyloid pathology?
Biochem Soc
Trans
2005;
33
: 1041–4.
11. Den Heijer T, Vermeer SE, van Dijk EJ,
et al
. Type 2 diabetes and atrophy of medial
temporal lobe structures on brain MRI.
Diabetologia
2003;
46
: 1604–10.
12. Biessels GJ, Koffeman A, Scheltens P. Diabetes and cognitive impairment. Clinical
diagnosis and brain imaging in patients attending a memory clinic.
J Neurol
2006;
253
: 477–82.
13. Sonnen JA, Larson EB, Brickell K,
et al
. Different patterns of cerebral injury in
dementia with or without diabetes.
Arch Neurol
2009;
66
: 315–22.
14. Strachan MW, Deary IJ, Ewing FM,
et al
. Is type II diabetes associated with an
increased risk of cognitive dysfunction? A critical review of published studies.
Diabetes Care
1997;
20
: 438–45.
15. Biessels GJ, Staekenborg S, Brunner E,
et al
. Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus:
a systematic review.
Lancet Neurol
2006;
5
: 64–74.
16. Gregg EW, Yaffe K, Cauley JA,
et al
. Is diabetes associated with cognitive
impairment and cognitive decline among older women? Study of osteoporotic
fractures Research group.
Arch Intern Med
2000;
160
: 174–80.
17. Logroscino G, Kang JH, Grodstein F. Prospective study of type 2 diabetes and
cognitive decline in women aged 70-81 years.
Br Med J
2004;
328
: 548.
18. Yaffe K, Blackwell T, Kanaya AM,
et al
. Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and
development of cognitive impairment in older women.
Neurology
2004;
63
:
658–63.
19. Okereke OI, Kang JH, Cook NR,
et al
. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive
decline in two large cohorts of community-dwelling older adults.
J Am Geriatr
Soc
2008;
56
: 1028–36.
20. Luchsinger JA, Reitz C, Patel B,
et al
. Relation of diabetes to mild cognitive
impairment.
Arch Neurol
2007;
64
: 570–5.
21. Whitmer RA, Karter AJ, Yaffe K,
et al
. hypoglycemic episodes and risk of
dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
J Am Med Assoc
2009;
301
: 1565–72.
22. Bruce DG, Davis WA, Casey GP,
et al
. Severe hypoglycaemia and cognitive
impairment in older patients with diabetes: the fremantle Diabetes Study.
Diabetologia
2009;
52
: 1808–15.
23. Hartmann T, Kuchenbecker J, Grimm Mo. Alzheimer’s disease: the lipid
connection.
J Neurochem
2007;
103
(suppl 1): 159–70.
24. Pappolla MA, Bryant-Thomas TK, Herbert D,
et al
. Mild hypercholesterolemia
is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology.
Neurology
2003;
61
: 199–205.
25. Roher AE, Esh C, Kokjohn TA,
et al
. Circle of Willis atherosclerosis is a risk factor for
sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2003;
23
: 2055–62.
26. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Hanninen T,
et al
. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-
life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study.
Neurology
2001;
56
:
1683–9.
27. Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Selby J,
et al
. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of
dementia in late life.
Neurology
2005;
64
: 277–81.
28. Dufouil C, Richard F, Fievet N,
et al
. APoe genotype, cholesterol level, lipid-
lowering treatment, and dementia: the Three-City Study.
Neurology
2005;
64
:
1531–8.
29. Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Colacicco AM,
et al
. Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI,
and rates of progression to dementia.
Neurology
2004;
63
: 1882–91.
30. Li G, Shofer JB, Kukull WA,
et al
. Serum cholesterol and risk of Alzheimer disease:
a community-based cohort study.
Neurology
2005;
65
: 1045–50.
31. Reitz C, Tang MX, Luchsinger J,
et al
. Relation of plasma lipids to Alzheimer
disease and vascular dementia.
Arch Neurol
2004;
61
: 705–14.
32. Panza F, Capurso C, D’Introno A,
et al
. Total cholesterol levels and the risk of mild
cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
J Am Geriatr Soc
2007;
55
: 133–5.
33. Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P,
et al
. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer
disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
inhibitors.
Arch Neurol
2000;
57
: 1439–43.
34. Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS,
et al
. Statins and the risk of dementia.
Lancet
2000;
356
: 1627–31.
35. Cramer C, Haan MN, Galea S,
et al
. Use of statins and incidence of dementia
and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study.
Neurology
2008;
71
: 344–50.
36. Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ,
et al
. Statins are associated with a reduced
risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study.
J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatry
2009;
80
: 13–7.
37. Group HPSC. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with
simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet
2002;
360
: 7–22.
38. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB,
et al
. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk
of vascular disease (PRoSPeR): a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet
2002;
360
:
1623–30.
39. Mcguinness B, Craig D, Bullock R,
et al
. Statins for the prevention of dementia.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2009; (2): CD003160.
40. Sparks L. Statins and cognitive function.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
2009;
80
: 1–2.
41. Spence JD. Cerebral consequences of hypertension: where do they lead?
J
Hypertens Suppl
1996;
14
: S139–45.
42. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to
cognitive function and dementia.
Lancet Neurol
2005;
4
: 487–99.
43. Hoffman LB, Schmeidler J, Lesser GT,
et al
. less Alzheimer disease neuropathology
in medicated hypertensive than nonhypertensive persons.
Neurology
2009;
72
:
1720–6.
44. Birns J, Kalra L. Cognitive function and hypertension.
J Hum Hypertens
2008.
45. Prince MJ, Bird AS, Blizard RA,
et al
. Is the cognitive function of older patients
affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical
Research Council’s trial of hypertension in older adults.
BMJ
1996;
312
: 801–5.
46. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA,
et al
. Prevention of dementia in randomised
double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic hypertension in europe (Syst-eur) trial.
Lancet
1998;
352
: 1347–51.
47. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA,
et al
. The prevention of dementia with
antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic hypertension in
europe (Syst-eur) study.
Arch Intern Med
2002;
162
: 2046–52.
48. Applegate WB, Pressel S, Wittes J,
et al
. Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic
hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the systolic hypertension in the
elderly program.
Arch Intern Med
1994;
154
: 2154–60.
49. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I,
et al
. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the
elderly (SCoPe): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial.
J Hypertens
2003;
21
: 875–86.
50. Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N,
et al
. effects of blood pressure lowering
with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in
patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Arch Intern Med
2003;
163
: 1069–75.
51. Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F,
et al
. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering
in the hypertension in the Very elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (hYVeT-
Cog): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
Lancet Neurol
2008;
7
: 683–9.
52. McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P,
et al
. Blood pressure lowering in patients
without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and
dementia.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2009; (4): CD004034.
53. Poon IO. effects of antihypertensive drug treatment on the risk of dementia and
cognitive impairment.
Pharmacotherapy
2008;
28
: 366–75.
54. Takeda S, Sato N, Takeuchi D,
et al
. Angiotensin receptor blocker prevented
b-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment associated with recovery of
neurovascular coupling.
Hypertension
2009;
54
: 1345–52.
55. Sink KM, Leng X, Williamson J,
et al
. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
and cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension: results from the
cardiovascular health study.
Arch Intern Med
2009;
169
: 1195–202.
56. Birns J, Markus H, Kalra L. Blood pressure reduction for vascular risk: is there a
price to be paid?
Stroke
2005;
36
: 1308–13.
57. Kennelly SP, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA. Blood pressure and the risk for dementia: a
double edged sword.
Ageing Res Rev
2009;
8
: 61–70.
58. Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ,
et al
. Duration of antihypertensive drug use
and risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study.
Neurology
2009;
72
: 1727–34.
59. Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S,
et al
. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure
and dementia.
Lancet
1996;
347
: 1141–5.
1...,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,...48
Powered by FlippingBook