VOLUME 10 NUMBER 1 • MARCH 2013
11
SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE
REVIEW
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More reasons to encourage smokers to quit
T
wo new articles confirm that, despite comprehensive
knowledge that smoking is hazardous, it remains a major
threat to public health.
1,2
The first study was a review of data from the US National
Health Interview Survey, which included nearly 200 000 people
over 25 years of age.
1
It revealed the on-going impact of smoking
on health, including a three times higher mortality rate compared
with those that had never smoked. Diseases attributable to
smoking accounted for about 60% of smokers’ deaths.
The survey also revealed changes in smoking patterns with
many people beginning smoking after the age of 20 and 15%
of women beginning after age 25, which is later than previously
assumed. The mortality risk for women who smoke is 50% higher
than the estimates reported in the 1980s.
The benefits of quitting smoking were dramatic for all age
groups, with substantial gains in life expectancy compared with
those who had continued to smoke. For example, those who quit
between the ages of 25 and 34 years lived 10 years longer whereas
even those who quit between ages 55 and 64 gained four years.
The second study focused on the mortality rates in females
in seven USA population surveys.
2
During the 50-year span
of the survey, overall mortality dropped by 50% in the general
population, by 24% in male smokers, but not at all in females.
Whereas lung cancer mortality was nearly five times as high in men
than in women in in the early 1960s, today the risks are the same,
and are 25 times that in the non-smoking population. Overall, the
risk of death from cigarette smoking continues to increase among
women and is now almost identical to the rate for men.
SAJDVD recommended action
These two articles confirm the benefits of quitting smoking
at any age, and health professionals should do as much as
possible to encourage patients to stop smoking. With more
women dying of lung cancer than breast cancer, the need for
further efforts to support women in quit attempts are a public
health necessity.
References
1.
Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, et
al
. 21st-century hazards of
smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States.
N Engl J Med
2013;
368
: 341–350.
2.
Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D,
et al
. 50-year trends in smoking-related
mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 351–364.
EVIDENCE IN PRACTICE
